Roman

The Romans were one of the most successful imperial powers in history. They grew their state from a small town located near the Tiber River in central Italy into a vast empire containing more than 50 million inhabitants. Key moments in Rome's development include: the founding of the city of Rome in 753 BC; the establishment of the Roman empire in 27 BC; and the fall of the Roman empire in the west in the 5th century AD. Find out everything you need to know about the Romans here…

Despite popular misconception, Gladiatorial fighting was not the most popular entertainment in Ancient Rome. (Photo by Alamy)

Roman

A brief guide to ancient Rome and the Romans, plus 9 fascinating facts

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Dan Jones by the River Medway at Rochester in Kent. Jones is the presenter of 'Walking Britain’s Roman Roads', which aired on 1 July 2020 at 9pm on 5Select

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Exploring Britain’s Roman roads with historian Dan Jones. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Was the story of Jesus inspired by Emperor Augustus? The clever trick early Christians used to convert ancient Rome

Detail of an ancient Roman mosaic showing the Persian king Darius III in a chariot, surrounded by armed soldiers during the Battle of Issus.

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Ancient Rome's founding fathers: the extraordinary stories of the city's first kings

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Collage of twelve photographs of ancient Roman sites, including ruined amphitheatres, a triumphal arch, a mosaic floor, a columned temple, and old paved roads.

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These are the 12 most underrated Roman sites in the world – how many have you visited?. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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MembershipaudioRoman kings: myth, memory and the making of power. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Life in ancient Rome

What was daily life like for people living in ancient Rome? How did they dress, what did they eat and drink, and what kind of relationships did they have? Here's everything you need to know…

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Three marble busts of Roman emperors are displayed against a warm reddish‑brown architectural backdrop. In the centre background, a larger, golden‑toned bust of Constantine the Great faces forward, its smooth, idealised features contrasting with the two smaller foreground busts. The bust on the left shows an older emperor with deep facial lines and closely cropped hair; the bust on the right depicts a younger man with softer features. To the far right, a fragment of a colossal marble hand appears, its index finger extended

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25 wild facts about Roman emperors – from fish semen to lethal parties. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

An older person with long grey hair sits smiling in a chair, surrounded by vases of colourful flowers.

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"The ancient past is utterly weird": Mary Beard on 50 years of studying the Romans. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Vulcan caught Venus and Mars in a net and shows them to the laughing Gods. (Photo by Imagno/Getty Images)

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Religion in ancient Rome: what did they believe?. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Toilette of a Roman Lady. Found in the collection of Museo del Prado, Madrid. (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images)

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What did they wear in Ancient Rome?

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A four‑panel collage of scenes and artworks from Pompeii. The top left shows a stone‑paved street lined with ruined Roman buildings under a bright sky. The top right shows a fragment of a building interior with surviving frescoes beneath a wooden roof. The bottom left shows a still‑life fresco of food, vessels, and folded cloth. The bottom right shows a detailed mythological fresco with multiple human figures in classical style.

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On the edge of catastrophe: life in Pompeii as Vesuvius was about to erupt. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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MembershipaudioDavid Attenborough and the evolution of nature documentaries. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Roman rulers

Ancient Rome is known for its colourful cast of political leaders, from Julius Caesar (c100 BC-44 BC) - whose victory over Carthage in the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) made Rome a paramount power in the Mediterranean basin - to the popular emperors of the Roman empire: Augustus, Nero, Titus, Hadrian, and more…

A bust of Roman dictator Julius Caesar

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Julius CaesarYour guide to the Roman dictator

Bust of Lucius Verus.

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The worst Roman emperors: 8 of the bloodiest from ancient Rome's history

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Roman emperors and women through the ages. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

A painting by Vincenzo Camuccini depicting the death of Julius Caesar in the Roman Senate. (Photo by Leemage/Corbis via Getty Images)

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The death of Caesar: do we know the whole story?

The Roman empire

The Roman empire - established by the emperor Augustus (63 BC-14 AD) in 27 BC following the reign of Julius Caesar - was home to more than 50 million inhabitants at its height in the second century AD. It spanned a vast territory that encompassed the Mediterranean world, much of western Europe and parts of Africa and Asia. So how much do you know about it? Here we bring you the facts…

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Your guide to the Roman empire: when it was formed, why it split and how it failed, plus its most colourful emperors

Mary Beard

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“The Roman empire cannot have been governed by a series of psychopaths. It would not have survived”Mary Beard on Roman Emperors

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A group of five marble busts of typical early Roman citizens. The empire expanded by absorbing the peoples it defeated, giving rights and obligations to former outsiders. (Photo by Gjon Mili/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images)

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Mary Beard on why Rome ruled the world. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Image depicting Roman general Germanicus oversing the burial of the bones of Romans killed in the battle of Teutoburg Forest

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What was the Roman Empire's greatest defeat? It might be Teutoburg Forest in AD 9

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Mosaic showing gladiators, Roman Civilization, 4th century

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Bread and circuses: what happened in the amphitheatres of the Roman empire?. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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ThinkpieceThe long death of the Roman republic. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Gladiators

How much do we know about the lives of Roman gladiators? Who were they, how did they live, and did they really fight to the death?

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Mosaic showing gladiators, Roman Civilization, 4th century

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Bread and circuses: what happened in the amphitheatres of the Roman empire?. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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A fight between two Gladiators, in mosaic

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What were the lives of gladiators like in ancient Rome?. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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A mosaic showing a person driving a two‑ox cart loaded with goods against a red, vine‑patterned background.

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Could you have survived in ancient Rome? (Probably not for very long, according to our expert). This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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The fall of Rome

In 476 AD, the emperor Romulus Augustus was deposed by a Germanic prince named Odovacar, marking the end of the Roman empire in the west. More than 200 modern explanations have been put forward to explain the fall of Rome, ranging from the rise of Christian monks to the impotence brought on by too many hot baths. Here, we bring you the facts…

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MembershipvideoEpisode 6Zenobia: The queen who challenged the Roman empire. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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MembershipaudioA worker's eye-view of ancient Rome. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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A person sits on a red‑and‑gold vintage sofa in a room decorated with hanging string instruments, including a banjo, mandolin, violin, balalaika, and lute. A keyboard is partly visible on the left and a wooden chest on the right.

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How did the Romans conquer Britain? You might be surprised by what our expert has to say. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Overhead view of a human skeleton buried in a seated position within a circular pit at an archaeological excavation in Dijon, France.

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These Iron Age bodies were all buried in the same bizarre way. What does it mean?. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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MembershipvideoInside Pompeii with Tom Hiddleston: the hidden detail that most people miss. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

A Roman mosaic depicting elegantly dressed figures surrounded by luxury goods, including shells, chests, vessels and other valuable objects, suggesting trade, wealth and domestic consumption.

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The ancient Romans thrived on consumerism. Here's what was on their shopping lists

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Pompeii

Pompeii, located southeast of Naples, Italy, is one of the world's most fascinating archaeological sites. The ancient city was destroyed - and its inhabitants killed - when the volcano Vesuvius erupted in August 79 BC. The ruins of Pompeii were first discovered in the late 16th century by the architect Domenico Fontana, but work to excavate the city did not begin until the mid-18th century. Today the site is a popular tourist destination

A 17th-century engraving of the Mount Vesuvius eruption of AD 79, by Athanasius Kircher (Photo by Shawshots/Alamy Stock Photo)

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Your ultimate guide to Pompeii, plus 8 fascinating facts about the ancient Roman city

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Pompeii: a remarkable window into ancient Roman life. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Illustration by Jonty Clark

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Ye olde travel guide: Pompeii 79 Ad. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Pompeii,Italy

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What was life like in ancient Pompeii? Mary Beard shares an A-Z guide

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Roman Britain

Why did the Romans invade Britain? How long did they stay for? And why did they leave? Here we bring you the facts…

Marble statue of a young Roman girl

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Everything you wanted to know about Roman Britain – but were afraid to ask

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What happened to Britain’s lost Roman legion?

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HistoryExtra Academy Roman Britain quiz – week four. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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MembershipvideoLeaving the Roman empire. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Julius Caesar. (Photo by Getty Images)

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Caesar's British gamble. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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In the AD 40s, the British king Caratacus led a huge revolt against Rome's occupying army. (Photo by Guildhall Library & Art Gallery/Heritage Images/Getty Images)

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Caratacus: Roman Britain’s greatest rebel. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Roman women

What is known about the lives of Roman women? Did women have any power in the Roman empire? Were Roman girls allowed to be educated? And could women divorce their husbands in ancient Rome?

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MembershipvideoThe people of Roman Britain. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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A photo of Mary Beard, smiling and looking towards the camera, standing between open gates.

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Reviving Roman voices: Mary Beard on the remarkable life of one woman. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Fulvia gleefully posing with Cicero’s severed head, in an 1898 painting by Pavel Svedomsky. Whether or not she pierced his tongue with hairpins is the subject of debate (Photo by CBW / Alamy Stock Photo)

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Fulvia: the maligned wife of politicians who made herself the power broker of ancient Rome. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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