Victorians

The Victorian era takes its name from Queen Victoria, who ruled between 1837–1901. There were nine British prime ministers during the Victorian era. The Victorians are popularised by famed author Charles Dickens; the technological and social change caused by the industrial revolution; serial killer Jack the Ripper; and the engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Find out everything you need to know about the Victorians here…

Queen Victoria of Great Britain with her husband, Prince Albert, and their nine children. (Photo by Rischgitz/Getty Images)

Victorian

Queen Victoria’s children

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MembershipaudioEating with Dickens. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Vintage black-and-white studio portrait of a seated aristocrat wearing an ornate theatrical costume with a winged headdress

Edwardian

Is Madfabulous based on a true story? The real history of ‘Dancing Marquess’ Henry Cyril Paget

Queen Victoria and Prince Albert

Victorian

Love before Prince Albert: Queen Victoria’s suitors

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Life in Victorian Britain

What was daily life like for people in the Victorian era? From the slums of 19th-century London and life in the workhouse to the court of Queen Victoria and the revolution of the railways, we bring you the facts

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MembershipaudioThe Great Exhibition: everything you wanted to know. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Women enjoy life on two wheels in this 1895 photograph. The bicycle was a key part of the image of the ‘New Woman’ (Photo by Glasshouse Images/Alamy Stock Photo)

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Challenging gender in the Victorian Age: the 'masculine' New Woman and 'effeminate' New Man. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Victorian women gossip at the opera (Photo by Bridgeman Images)

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Sex, sadism and sugared death: 8 scandals that rocked Victorian Britain. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Victorians podcast episodes

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Queen Victoria

One of history's most iconic monarchs, Queen Victoria (1819–1901) ruled for more than 60 years, from 1837 until her death in 1901. She was empress of the world's largest ever empire, and her name denotes an entire era of British history. She was mother to nine children – four boys and five girls born between 1840 and 1857 – with her beloved husband, Prince Albert. Victoria was married to Prince Albert from 1840 to 1861, when Albert died from typhoid at the age of 42. Queen Victoria had 42 grandchildren, many of whom took positions in the royal houses of Europe, and she became known as the ‘grandmother of Europe’. Here's everything you need to know about Queen Victoria…

Queen Victoria in her coronation robes.

Victorian

Your guide to Queen Victoria and a timeline of her life – plus 16 fascinating facts

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Victoria the matchmaker. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

A portrait of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert with five of their nine children, by Frederick Winterhalter

Victorian

Queen Victoria and Prince Albert: was their union a marriage of misery?

A portrait of young Queen Victoria wearing a tiara

Victorian

The young Queen Victoria’s struggle to gain the throne

Queen Victoria

Victorian

The final days and death of Queen Victoria

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"Queen Victoria was more than just a token ruler of India. Passionately interested in its people and culture, she intervened frequently in Indian politics," says Miles Taylor. (Photo by Time Life Pictures/Mansell/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images)

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The LibraryQueen Victoria’s Indians. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Victorian crime and punishment

We bring you the facts about crime and punishment in the Victorian era – from Jack the Ripper, who stalked the streets of Whitechapel for his five victims in 1888, to the pick-pocketing street urchins popularised by Charles Dickens’s ‘Oliver Twist’. Why were the Victorians so fascinated by murder? Did grave-robbers really steal corpses in the dead of night? Find out more below…

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An 1870s illustration of a typical London artisan terraced houses with washhouses, privies and yards leading on to an alley, all dominated by railway viaducts. (Photo by Oxford Science Archive/Print Collector/Getty Images)

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Victorian London’s East End: what can a foul murder tell us about life in the city?. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

An engraving from 'The Illustrated Police News', c1889, imagines Jack the Ripper

Victorian

Your guide to Jack the Ripper

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The Duke of Wellington and the Earl of Winchilsea in a duel at Battersea Fields. (Culture Club/Getty Images)

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Pistols at dawn: duelling in the Victorian age. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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The school for girls imprisoned at Tothill Fields in the late 1850s. A dedicated schoolmistress was employed to teach that institution’s large female population; in other prisons, the matron took lessons. (Engraving from Chronicle, via Alamy)

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Reading, writing and retribution: inside Victorian prison schools. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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MembershipaudioEast End crime. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Kate Summerscale. (Photo by Fran Monks)

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The wicked boy: the mystery of a Victorian child murderer. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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The industrial revolution

Everything you need to know about the industrial revolution, the term given to the era in the 18th and 19th centuries during which the United Kingdom saw many developments in technology and productivity. It created great wealth and transformed towns, bringing factories, mines and machinery to previously rural areas. The industrial revolution also caused revolutions in both transport and communications – including the development of canals and railways – and led to the growth of the working class in prosperity and influence, though it also caused social problems and poverty across the country

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An ink drawing of a London 'rag fair' where old clothes and textiles were traded, c1800

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Regency inequality: the gap between rich and poor in Georgian Britain. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Joseph Chamberlain (far right) pictured with his sons Neville (far left) and Austen, daughter Hilda (front left) and third wife, Mary Endicott (Photo by Three Lions/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

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Chamberlain and Cadbury of BirminghamThe first families in Britain’s second city. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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The surgeon Robert Liston prepares to cut open a patient in the first half of the 19th century. Known as the “fastest knife in the west end”, Liston could remove a leg in less than 30 seconds. For most patients, however, the agony was more prolonged. (Wellcome Library, London)

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"An enlightened turn": how medicine (and the vaccination) developed in Victorian Britain. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Burke and Hare

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Burke and HareLisa Rosner on the pair's crime spree. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Britain’s harsh winter of 1880–81 depicted as the start of a new ice age, by contemporary cartoonist George du Maurier (Photo by Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images)

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Out of the cold: the slow beginnings of climate change science. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Industrial revolution

Q&AWhy do we say ‘get the sack’?

Victorian prime ministers

There were nine British prime ministers during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901): William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne (1834 and 1835–41); Sir Robert Peel (1834–35 and 1841–46); Lord John Russell (1846–52 and 1865–66); Edward Smith-Stanley, Earl of Derby (1852, 1858–59 and 1866–68); George Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen (1852–55); Henry John Temple, Viscount Palmerston (1855–58 and 1859–65); Benjamin Disraeli (1868 and 1874–80); William Gladstone (1868–74, 1880–85, 1886 and 1892–94); Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury (1885–86, 1886–92 and 1895–1902); and Archibald Primrose, Earl of Rosebery (1894–95)

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Sir Robert Peel (1788–1850) was a British statesman who twice served as Conservative prime minister, between 1834–35 and 1841–46. (Photo by General Photographic Agency/Getty Images)

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5 facts about Sir Robert Peel. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (1784 - 1865), the British Liberal statesman who served almost continually as Prime Minister between 1855 and 1865, pictured circa 1860. (Photo by Herbert Fry/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

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Lord Palmerston: the people’s champion. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Britain’s road to democracy: slow and not always steady. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Britain’s road to democracy: slow and not always steady. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens (1812–1870) is a famed writer of Victorian literature whose works include ‘Oliver Twist’, ‘Great Expectations’, ‘A Christmas Carol’ and ‘David Copperfield’. Charles Dickens’s writing is famous for its social commentary and observation of Victorian society, and he is considered to be one of the greatest writers of the 19th-century

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The acclaimed English author Charles Dickens. (Photo by Apic/Getty Images)

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7 things you (probably) didn’t know about Charles Dickens and his family home. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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MembershipaudioThe dark side of Dickens. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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MembershipvideoVideo podcastThe dark side of Dickens. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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The debtors’ exercise grounds at Newgate prison in 1809. The debtors’ prison was a feature of everyday life in 18th-century England (Photo by Rischgitz/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

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Inside debtors’ prisons: what life was like for people jailed in Georgian Britain. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.